Data and evidence

The evidence behind each work-activity signal

See which source answers which question. We keep OpenAI technical exposure, observed AI use, modeled time saving, and occupational context separate. Only exact OpenAI E0/E1/E2 task classifications enter the public role exposure score.

Personal reports

A personal task uses public evidence only after you approve a task match

Your description is not treated as a new evidence source. The report suggests a comparable public task, shows both descriptions, and asks you to approve the match before using that task's estimate, explanation, and sources.

Your task

The work description you entered remains visible in the private report.

Matched public task

The public task you approve supplies its technical-exposure classification and source records.

AI-written text

OpenRouter may summarize the reviewed result, but it is not an evidence source and cannot alter any task classification or the role exposure score.

Evidence use

How each public AI source contributes

A source link alone is not enough. We also show what each source measures, how it is matched to a role or task, how it contributes to the analysis, and what it cannot establish.

SourceType of informationWhere it appliesHow it is matchedWhat it supportsWhat it does not show

O*NET Database

Occupation, task, and task-rating backboneSource backboneO*NET-SOC Code + Task IDDefines occupation-task keys and separately reports task importance, relevance, and frequency responses.O*NET frequency is not a measure of time spent on a task and is never used as a work-time weight.

OpenAI GPTs are GPTs

Primary task technical-exposure classificationDirect task evidenceO*NET-SOC Code + Task IDUses the same O*NET task key, preserves E0/E1/E2, and supports the paper's beta role score in which E2 contributes half and core tasks count twice supplemental tasks.The result measures technical exposure under the study rubric. It is not a probability, observed adoption, work-time share, or automation forecast.

EconEvals June 2026

Supporting modeled time-saving researchSupporting task evidenceExact normalized occupation title + task titleProvides a separate modeled chatbot time-saving band that remains inspectable on matched tasks.Synthetic chatbot simulations are not observed workplace change and do not affect the headline task classification or role exposure score.

Anthropic Economic Index

Observed AI use around task wordingObserved task-use evidenceNormalized exact task titleUseful signal that similar task wording appears in observed AI use.Zero means no use was observed for that task in the public snapshot. It is not a zero-capability or zero-automation estimate, and Anthropic data does not change the role exposure score.

Microsoft Working with AI

Occupation-level benchmarkRole or activity benchmarkOccupation or work activity mappingGood comparison context for how generative AI applies across occupations.Not task-level proof, so it should not be assigned to individual tasks.
ANTHROPIC

Anthropic Economic Index

Anthropic labor-market analysis used as an external real-world AI usage signal when occupation mappings are available.

Source homepage
CEDEFOP

Cedefop ESJS

European Skills and Jobs Survey signals used as an external interaction and task-behavior layer when occupation mappings are available.

Source homepage
ESCO

ESCO

European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations taxonomy used for occupation matching and skill enrichment.

Source homepage
ECONEVALS

EconEvals

Task-level modeled time-saving estimates for text-only chatbot use across O*NET tasks.

Source homepage
MICROSOFT

Microsoft Research Working with AI

Microsoft Research occupation-level AI usage or applicability signals used as an external usage layer when local extracts are available.

Source homepage
ONET

O*NET

Primary United States occupation, task, skill, knowledge, ability, work activity, work context, and tools source.

Source homepage
PIAAC

OECD PIAAC

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies public-use data used as an aggregate task-use context layer.

Source homepage
OPENAI

OpenAI GPTs are GPTs

OpenAI occupation exposure mappings used as an external theoretical AI exposure layer when local extracts are available.

Source homepage

Versions

Retrieved source versions

We keep track of exactly which version of each database we used and when it was retrieved.

SourceVersionRetrievedStatus
EconEvalseconevals-june-2026-onet-30.2Aug 25, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-08-25Aug 25, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Microsoft Research Working with AImicrosoft-signals-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
Anthropic Economic Indexanthropic-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
OpenAI GPTs are GPTsopenai-public-ai-evidence-2026-04-24Apr 24, 2026ready
ESCOesco-api-2026-04-09Apr 9, 2026ready
O*NETdb_30_0_textApr 9, 2026ready

Limitations

Source-specific caveats

Every data source has limitations. We show them so you can understand how each source should be interpreted.

ESCO · ESCO limitations

ESCO is a European taxonomy and may not map perfectly to O*NET occupations on a one-to-one basis.

EconEvals · EconEvals limitations

EconEvals models possible time savings for text-only chatbot use; it does not measure realized savings in workplaces.

O*NET · O*NET limitations

O*NET is rich and role-specific, but it is US-centered and should not be read as a direct measure of every local labor market.

OECD PIAAC · PIAAC limitations

PIAAC is used as aggregate context, not role-level ground truth.